Lithuanian Archbishop Gintaras Grusas is seen at St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican in this 2013 file photo. (CNS photo/Paul Haring)
Lithuanian Archbishop Gintaras Grusas said citizens are anxious about military threats from neighboring Russia but said support from Europe and the United States helped calm those fears.
The U.S.-born archbishop, president of the Lithuanian bishops' conference, told Catholic News Service, "The old Soviet empire mentality is still alive, and there are many in Russia who consider the three Baltic states part of that empire.
"But Lithuanians have fought hard to re-establish their independence and are committed to maintaining it. They've shown they're willing to pay a price for freedom — and they're showing it again today in the turnout of volunteers for military service," said the Vilnius archbishop.
In early 2017, NATO plans to send 3,000 troops to Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Poland, to counter Russia's military buildup in the Baltic region.
In a Nov. 29 interview with Catholic News Service, Grusas said the projected U.S.-led deployments had provided "some reassurance," but cautioned that concern remained high because of repeated airspace violations and the stationing of heavy weaponry in Russia's military enclave of Kaliningrad, on Lithuania's western border.
"There are always tensions because we're close to the Russian border and hard to defend, so having our NATO partners' boots on the ground here shows we're not left on our own," Grusas said.
"As a church, we're following Pope Francis in encouraging prayers for peace. We're also maintaining a community spirit and helping people seek truth when a lot of negative propaganda is being spread by Russian-language media and the internet."
Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991. They joined the European Union and NATO in 2004, gaining protection under the alliance's Article 5 collective defense guarantee.
However, all three have increased defense spending sharply and stepped up anti-tank defenses since Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea and military involvement in Ukraine. The buildup of radar, air defense systems and nuclear batteries in Kaliningrad is believed likely to impede NATO reinforcements in the Baltics during a crisis. Lithuania's government reintroduced military conscription in 2015 and has circulated civil defense pamphlets advising citizens what to do in the event of a Russian invasion.
Lithuanian Foreign Minister Linas Linkevicius told Britain's BBC Nov. 18 that there was a danger that Russian President Vladimir Putin could seek to test NATO's military preparedness before the January inauguration of Donald Trump, the new U.S. president.
In his interview, Grusas said NATO's European member-states had long been urged to meet their agreed share of defense spending, adding that he believed Trump's threats to scale down U.S. military commitments unless this happened were "nothing new."
"This was most probably campaign rhetoric — even a negotiating stance to push the Europeans to pay their share — so I took his pre-election comments with a grain of salt," said the 55-year-old archbishop, who was born in Washington, D.C., and worked as a marketing consultant with IBM after gaining a mathematics degree at the University of California at Los Angeles.
"Steps have been taken since the U.S. election to reassure NATO members the U.S. position won't be changed. But we're in an uncomfortable position for Moscow geographically and fearful of no longer being seen as independent nations," he said.
Catholics make up about 78 percent of Lithuania's 3 million inhabitants, compared to about 20 percent in Latvia and less than 1 percent in Estonia. All three Baltic States are home to substantial Russian minorities: 6 percent in Lithuania, 26 percent in Latvia and 25 percent in Estonia.
"NATO has always been a defensive entity for maintaining peace, and that's why the church provides chaplains for the military and seeks to preserve its moral profile," said Grusas.
"Whether it's America or Russia, everybody wants to be great. But a country expresses its greatness when it can respect and live in peace with its neighbors rather than trying to conquer them through acts of war."
He added that Western bishops' conferences, including those of the United States, Germany and Italy, had given the Lithuanian church generous support in rebuilding itself since Soviet rule.
"People who've gone through 50 years of Soviet occupation, efforts to rebuild the economy and all subsequent hardships will know challenges and insecurities are part of life," he told CNS.
"But NATO and the EU have prevented war on European soil, and there's hope this can be preserved. It's what we're praying for, with the same faith in God that's helped us so much in our history."
In a Nov. 23 resolution, the European Parliament included Russian churches on a list of bodies spreading Kremlin-orchestrated "anti-EU propaganda" and urged Western governments to be more vigilant in "countering disinformation."
Latvia has barred Russian Orthodox Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and at least one prominent Orthodox priest from entering the country.
